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Health & Demographic Surveillance System

Building Burundi's foundation for evidence-based health governance

A Critical Data Deficit

Burundi faces a critical deficit of reliable demographic and health data. Births, deaths, and disease causes are often unregistered. Key health indicators must be estimated rather than measured — creating blind spots that undermine planning, weaken accountability, and impede progress.

Without verified data, Burundi cannot effectively track progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC), meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets, or comply with International Health Regulations (IHR). The consequences are measurable: preventable deaths unrecorded, outbreaks detected late, resources misallocated.

Births & deaths often unregistered
Key health indicators estimated, not measured
UHC progress impossible to track accurately
Outbreak detection delayed without surveillance
Policy decisions based on incomplete data
Continuous household registration and follow-up
Periodic revisits to capture vital events
WHO-standard verbal autopsy for cause of death
Integrated disease surveillance and reporting
Community health worker network
Digital data collection and real-time dashboards

A Living Census for Burundi

The HDSS is a longitudinal, community-linked surveillance system that continuously tracks population and health events in a defined geographic area. Each household and resident is registered and revisited periodically — creating a living census that provides real-time vital statistics and epidemiological trends.

A Phased, 5-Year Approach

1
Years 1–2

Phase 1 — Pilot Site

Establish a pilot site covering approximately 100,000 people in a representative district. Complete household census, train field teams, deploy digital data collection tools, and begin continuous vital event tracking.

District selection and community mobilization
Household census and resident registration
Field team training and supervision
Baseline health survey
Vital event registration system deployment
Target:~100,000 residents
2
Years 3–5

Phase 2 — National Expansion

Expand to a network of sites representing Burundi's ecological and socio-economic diversity — urban, peri-urban, and rural zones — creating a nationally representative HDSS platform.

Multi-site expansion across ecological zones
National data harmonization and quality assurance
Policy feedback loops with Ministry of Health
International HDSS network integration
Research publications and policy briefs
Target:National network

What the HDSS Measures

Vital Statistics

Verified figures on births, deaths, fertility rates, and migration patterns — replacing estimates with measured data.

Cause of Death

Reliable cause-of-death information using WHO verbal autopsy standards — closing a critical information gap.

Disease Burden

Community indicators on maternal, child, infectious, and non-communicable disease prevalence and incidence.

Epidemic Intelligence

Early detection of epidemic events through continuous surveillance — enabling faster outbreak response.

SDG & UHC Tracking

Continuous evidence to monitor progress toward Universal Health Coverage, SDG 3, and IHR compliance.

A Partnership-Driven Initiative

The HDSS operates within a structured institutional framework with clear roles, shared governance, and international technical standards.

UB
Academic Partner

University of Burundi

MoU signed — institutional academic partner for research coordination, capacity building, and joint publication.

MSPLS
Government Partner

Ministry of Public Health & AIDS Control

Primary government counterpart overseeing public health policy alignment and HDSS data integration into national health systems.

MIDCSPS
Legal Authority

Ministry of Interior

Legal supervisory authority — registered DPHI under Ministerial Order n°530/1337 on October 10, 2023.

WHO
Advisory Partner

World Health Organization

Advisory partner on surveillance standards, verbal autopsy methodology, and global HDSS network integration.

UNDP
Advisory Partner

United Nations Development Programme

Advisory support for SDG alignment, sustainable development frameworks, and capacity strengthening.

UNICEF
Advisory Partner

UNICEF

Advisory partner for child health surveillance, maternal health indicators, and community health worker programs.

Support the HDSS

The HDSS requires international partnerships, technical expertise, and sustained funding. Join us in building the data infrastructure Burundi needs to achieve health equity and sustainable development.